I kväll på en tågperrong fick jag syn på Svenska akademins ständige sekreterare Peter Englund, och frågade honom vad Belarus egentligen heter på svenska. Sedan några år vill nämligen Belarusvänliga krafter (i god bemärkelse, inte diktaturkramare) ha en ändring från Vitryssland till Belarus. Mot sig har man allmän vana och ett inkrökt rysslandsorienterat etablissemang. Därför var det litet oväntat när Peter Englund i ett brev i höstas meddelade att Svenska akademin beslutat att namnändringen skulle genomföras. Brevets status ifrågasattes dock snart.
Jag har själv undrat om det inte var litet för bra för att vara sant. Och på perrongen i kväll bekräftade Englund för mig att akademin tyvärr måste backa från formuleringarna i brevet, som nog hade blivit litet ”olyckliga”. För det första tänker sig Englund att de två namnen bör kunna existera parallellt. För det andra menade han att akademin inte ensamt kan fatta beslut i sådana här frågor, utan bör göra det i samråd med andra aktörer inom det organ som kallas Språkrådet.
Det känns ändå som att detta rör sig åt rätt håll. Eftersom frågan ännu är öppen, vill jag härmed bidra men en ny idé: Belarusien. Jag tycker faktiskt det är både vackrare och mer svenskt än Belarus. Kanske kan det få några tvivlare att byta sida? Englunds brev och tidigare diskussioner kring det kan läsas på Martin Ugglas Belarusblogg. För egen del tog jag ställning i frågan 2006. Så här skrev jag på min dåtida engelskpråkiga blogg om Belarus den 4 juni det året.
Vitryssland, Weissrussland, Valko-Venäja or not
A few days ago, I was invited by the Belarusian programme of the Swedish radio to participate in a studio debate with Seppo Isotalo, the rather unique voice of the Lukashenko regime here in Sweden. The background was a letter that Isotalo had written to the chairwoman of the Belarusian Central Election Commission, Lidiya Yermoshina, on how sad he felt about the new EU restrictions on regime functionaries and how these constituted a violation of their human rights. Needless to say, perhaps, I did not agree with Isotalo on anything during the debate. The moderator Dmitri Plax banned all personal attacks from the start, and Isotalo threatened to leave immediately if I would bring up his old legal quarrel with the Swedish military (which had publicly disclosed his relation to Soviet special services). Although I felt somewhat inhibited by not being able to mention this, I think the debate turned out more or less alright anyway.
After the recording of the debate, Dmitri offered us tea, and I was interested to find out that Isotalo is now widening his activities from supporting Lukashenko to developing ties also with the Smirnov regime in the Russian-sponsored Trandnistr enclave in Moldova.
My deepest impression from this visit at the radio, however, was not finding out about Isotalo’s new plans, but rather Dmitri’s call for me to start naming Belarus Belarus. This is not a new issue, and lately it has repeatedly been raised by the Belarusian blogger br23. In Swedish, as in for example German and Finnish, the term for Belarus, ”Vitryssland” (or Weissrussland and Valko-Venäja in the other two languages), literally means White Russia. I agree with Dmitri (and br23) that this is unfortunate, for two reasons. First, because it is a flawed translation of the country’s real name, Belarus. Of course, ”Bela” does mean ”white”, but as anyone with an elementary grasp of the region’s history knows, ”Rus” predated Russia and was located in a geographically different area. Second, the current Swedish, German and Finnish names for the country conveys the image of it as an appendix to or part of Russia, which indirectly lends support to a political agenda for which I have no sympathy.
There are, as I see it, two arguments for why one could go on using the word ”Vitryssland”. One is that it conveys a meaning, though wrongful, in the Swedish language, which the alien word Belarus does not. The other is that this is the widely recognised name of the country here. Having thought about this for a while, I have come to the conclusion that these arguments are not convincing enough. And as I am now in the process of producing a new issue of the newsletter ”Vitryska Nyheter” (Belarusian news), in accordance with Dmitri’s wish I have made the perhaps somewhat bold decision to rename it ”Belarus-nytt” (Belarus-news). This is still somewat experimental. The adjective form of this word in Swedish would logically be ”belarusisk”, but I am not quite sure how to refer to a Belarusian national. I have tentatively settled for ”belarusier” in both the singular and plural senses. These details may have to be altered later.
As for the radio debate, which was conducted in Russian (mine and Isotalo’s flawed Russian was probably more agreeable to the listeners than Dmitri translating the whole thing into Belarusian), a lot of it circled around the usual democracy and human rights issues and I did not feel much strain in dealing with those. While answering the last question however, when Dmitri asked what kind of future Belarus we both imagined, I felt somewhat less confident. After all, this is not up to me but rather up to the Belarusian people to decide. And those democracy and human rights issues are ultimately about securing their right to do this. A very simple statement that I failed to produce at the moment.